[casi-analysis] casi-news digest, Vol 1 #111 - 2 msgs

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Today's Topics:

   1. text of the resolution (Daniel O'Huiginn)
   2. Allawi Alleged Behind 90's Baghdad Bombings (farbuthnot)

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Message: 1
Date: Wed, 9 Jun 2004 09:02:37 +0100 (BST)
From: Daniel O'Huiginn <do227@DELETETHIShermes.cam.ac.uk>
To: newsclippings@casi.org.uk
Subject: text of the resolution



Welcoming the beginning of a new phase in Iraq's transition to a
democratically elected government, and looking forward to the end of the
occupation and the assumption of full responsibility and authority by a
fully sovereign and independent Interim Government of Iraq by 30 June
2004,

Recalling all of its previous relevant resolutions on Iraq,

Reaffirming the independence, sovereignty, unity, and territorial
integrity of Iraq,

Reaffirming also the right of the Iraqi people freely to determine their
own political future and control their own natural resources,

Recognizing the importance of international support, particularly that of
countries in the region, Iraq's neighbors, and regional organizations, for
the people of Iraq in their efforts to achieve security and prosperity,
and noting that the successful implementation of this resolution will
contribute to regional stability,

Welcoming the efforts of the Special Adviser to the Secretary-General to
assist the people of Iraq in achieving the formation of the Interim
Government of Iraq, as set out in the letter of the Secretary-General of 7
June 2004 (S/2004/461),

Taking note of the dissolution of the Governing Council of Iraq, and
welcoming the progress made in implementing the arrangements for Iraq's
political transition referred to in resolution 1511 (2003) of 16 October
2003,

Welcoming the commitment of the Interim Government of Iraq to work towards
a federal, democratic, pluralist and unified Iraq, in which there is full
respect for political and human rights,

Stressing the need for all parties to respect and protect Iraq's
archaeological, historical, cultural and religious heritage,

Affirming the importance of the rule of law, national reconciliation,
respect for human rights including the rights of women, fundamental
freedoms, and democracy including free and fair elections,

Recalling the establishment of the United Nations Assistance Mission for
Iraq (UNAMI) on 14 August 2003, and affirming that the United Nations
should play a leading role in assisting the Iraqi people and government in
the formation of institutions for representative government,

Recognizing that international support for restoration of stability and
security is essential to the well-being of the people of Iraq as well as
to the ability of all concerned to carry out their work on behalf of the
people of Iraq, and welcoming Member State contributions in this regard
under resolution 1483 (2003) of 22 May 2003 and resolution 1511 (2003),

Recalling the report provided by the United States to the Security Council
on 16 April 2004 on the efforts and progress made by the multinational
force,

Recognizing the request conveyed in the letter of 5 June 2004 from the
Prime Minister of the Interim Government of Iraq to the President of the
Council, which is annexed to this resolution, to retain the presence of
the multinational force,

Recognizing also the importance of the consent of the sovereign Government
of Iraq for the presence of the multinational force and of close
coordination between the multinational force and that government,

Welcoming the willingness of the multinational force to continue efforts
to contribute to the maintenance of security and stability in Iraq in
support of the political transition, especially for upcoming elections,
and to provide security for the United Nations presence in Iraq, as
described in the letter of 5 June 2004 from the United States Secretary of
State to the President of the Council, which is annexed to this
resolution,

Noting the commitment of all forces promoting the maintenance of security
and stability in Iraq to act in accordance with international law,
including obligations under international humanitarian law, and to
cooperate with relevant international organizations,

Affirming the importance of international assistance in reconstruction and
development of the Iraqi economy,

Recognizing the benefits to Iraq of the immunities and privileges enjoyed
by Iraqi oil revenues and by the Development Fund for Iraq, and noting the
importance of providing for continued disbursements of this fund by the
Interim Government of Iraq and its successors upon dissolution of the
Coalition Provisional Authority,

Determining that the situation in Iraq continues to constitute a threat to
international peace and security,

Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,

1. Endorses the formation of a sovereign Interim Government of Iraq, as
presented on 1 June 2004, which will assume full responsibility and
authority by 30 June 2004 for governing Iraq while refraining from taking
any actions affecting Iraq's destiny beyond the limited interim period
until an elected Transitional Government of Iraq assumes office as
envisaged in paragraph four below;

2. Welcomes that, also by 30 June 2004, the occupation will end and the
Coalition Provisional Authority will cease to exist, and that Iraq will
reassert its full sovereignty;

3. Reaffirms the right of the Iraqi people freely to determine their own
political future and to exercise full authority and control over their
financial and natural resources;

4. Endorses the proposed timetable for Iraq's political transition to
democratic government including:

(a) formation of the sovereign Interim Government of Iraq that will assume
governing responsibility and authority by 30 June 2004;

(b) convening of a national conference reflecting the diversity of Iraqi
society; and

(c) holding of direct democratic elections by 31 December 2004 if
possible, and in no case later than 31 January 2005, to a Transitional
National Assembly, which will, inter alia, have responsibility for forming
a Transitional Government of Iraq and drafting a permanent constitution
for Iraq leading to a constitutionally elected government by 31 December
2005;

5. Invites the Government of Iraq to consider how the convening of an
international meeting could support the above process, and notes that it
would welcome such a meeting to support the Iraqi political transition and
Iraqi recovery, to the benefit of the Iraqi people, and in the interest of
stability in the region;

6. Calls on all Iraqis to implement these arrangements peaceably and in
full, and on all States and relevant organizations to support such
implementation;

7. Decides that in implementing, as circumstances permit, their mandate to
assist the Iraqi people and government, the Special Representative of the
Secretary-General and the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq
(UNAMI), as requested by the Government of Iraq, shall:

(a) play a leading role to:

(i) assist in the convening, during the month of July 2004, of a national
conference to select a Consultative Council;

(ii) advise and support the Interim Government of Iraq, the Independent
Electoral Commission of Iraq,and the Transitional National Assembly on the
process for holding elections;

(iii) promote national dialogue and consensus-building on the drafting of
a national constitution by the people of Iraq;

(b) and also:

(i) advise the Government of Iraq in the development of effective civil
and social services;

(ii) contribute to the coordination and delivery of reconstruction,
development, and humanitarian assistance;

(iii) promote the protection of human rights, national reconciliation, and
judicial and legal reform in order to strengthen the rule of law in Iraq;
and

(iv) advise and assist the Government of Iraq on initial planning for the
eventual conduct of a comprehensive census;

8. Welcomes ongoing efforts by the incoming Interim Government of Iraq to
develop Iraqi security forces including the Iraqi armed forces
(hereinafter referred to as "Iraqi security forces''), operating under the
authority of the Interim Government of Iraq and its successors, which will
progressively play a greater role and ultimately assume full
responsibility for the maintenance of security and stability in Iraq;

9. Notes that the presence of the multinational force in Iraq is at the
request of the incoming Interim Government of Iraq and therefore reaffirms
the authorization for the multinational force under unified command
established under resolution 1511 (2003) having regard to the letters
annexed to this resolution;

10. Decides that the multinational force shall have the authority to take
all necessary measures to contribute to the maintenance of security and
stability in Iraq in accordance with the letters annexed to this
resolution expressing, inter alia, the Iraqi request for the continued
presence of the multinational force and setting out its tasks, including
by preventing and deterring terrorism, so that, inter alia, the United
Nations can fulfill its role in assisting the Iraqi people as outlined in
paragraph seven above and the Iraqi people can implement freely and
without intimidation the timetable and program for the political process
and benefit from reconstruction and rehabilitation activities;

11. Welcomes in this regard the letters annexed to this resolution
stating, inter alia, that arrangements are being put in place to establish
a security partnership between the sovereign Government of Iraq and the
multinational force and to ensure coordination between the two, and notes
also in this regard that Iraqi security forces are responsible to
appropriate Iraqi ministers, that the Government of Iraq has authority to
commit Iraqi security forces to the multinational force to engage in
operations with it, and that the security structures described in the
letters will serve as the fora for the Government of Iraq and the
multinational force to reach agreement on the full range of fundamental
security and policy issues, including policy on sensitive offensive
operations, and will ensure full partnership between Iraqi security forces
and the multinational force, through close coordination and consultation;

12. Decides further that the mandate for the multinational force shall be
reviewed at the request of the Government of Iraq or twelve months from
the date of this resolution, and that this mandate shall expire upon the
completion of the political process set out in paragraph four above, and
declares that it will terminate this mandate earlier if requested by the
Government of Iraq;

13. Notes the intention, set out in the annexed letter from the United
States Secretary of State, to create a distinct entity under unified
command of the multinational force with a dedicated mission to provide
security for the United Nations presence in Iraq, recognizes that the
implementation of measures to provide security for staff members of the
United Nations system working in Iraq would require significant resources,
and calls upon Member States and relevant organizations to provide such
resources, including contributions to that entity;

14. Recognizes that the multinational force will also assist in building
the capability of the Iraqi security forces and institutions, through a
program of recruitment, training, equipping, mentoring and monitoring;

15. Requests Member States and international and regional organizations to
contribute assistance to the multinational force, including military
forces, as agreed with the Government of Iraq, to help meet the needs of
the Iraqi people for security and stability, humanitarian and
reconstruction assistance, and to support the efforts of UNAMI;

16. Emphasizes the importance of developing effective Iraqi police, border
enforcement, and Facilities Protection Service, under the control of the
Interior Ministry of Iraq, and, in the case of the Facilities Protection
Service, other Iraqi ministries, for the maintenance of law, order, and
security, including combating terrorism, and requests Member States and
international organizations to assist the Government of Iraq in building
the capability of these Iraqi institutions;

17. Condemns all acts of terrorism in Iraq, reaffirms the obligations of
Member States under resolutions 1373 (2001) of 28 September 2001, 1267
(1999) of 15 October 1999, 1333 (2000) of 19 December 2000, 1390 (2002) of
16 January 2002, 1455 (2003) of 17 January 2003, and 1526 (2004) of 30
January 2004, and other relevant international obligations with respect,
inter alia, to terrorist activities in and from Iraq or against its
citizens, and specifically reiterates its call upon Member States to
prevent the transit of terrorists to and from Iraq, arms for terrorists,
and financing that would support terrorists, and re-emphasizes the
importance of strengthening the cooperation of the countries of the
region, particularly neighbors of Iraq, in this regard;

18. Recognizes that the Interim Government of Iraq will assume the primary
role in coordinating international assistance to Iraq;

19. Welcomes efforts by Member States and international organizations to
respond in support of requests by the Interim Government of Iraq to
provide technical and expert assistance, while Iraq is rebuilding
administrative capacity;

20. Reiterates its request that Member States, international financial
institutions and other organizations strengthen their efforts to assist
the people of Iraq in the reconstruction and development of the Iraqi
economy, including by providing international experts and necessary
resources through a coordinated program of donor assistance;

21. Decides that the prohibitions related to the sale or supply to Iraq of
arms and related materiel under previous resolutions shall not apply to
arms or related materiel required by the Government of Iraq or the
multinational force to serve the purposes of this resolution, stresses the
importance for all States to abide strictly by them, and notes the
significance of Iraq's neighbors in this regard, and calls upon the
Government of Iraq and the multinational force each to ensure that
appropriate implementation procedures are in place;

22. Notes that nothing in the preceding paragraph affects the prohibitions
on or obligations of States related to items specified in paragraphs 8 and
12 of resolution 687 (1991) of 3 April 1991 or activities described in
paragraph 3 (f) of resolution 707 (1991) of 15 August 1991, and reaffirms
its intention to revisit the mandates of the United Nations Monitoring,
Verification, and Inspection Commission and the International Atomic
Energy Agency;

23. Calls on Member States and international organizations to respond to
Iraqi requests to assist Iraqi efforts to integrate Iraqi veterans and
former militia members into Iraqi society;

24. Notes that, upon dissolution of the Coalition Provisional Authority,
the funds in the Development Fund for Iraq shall be disbursed solely at
the direction of the Government of Iraq, and decides that the Development
Fund for Iraq shall be utilized in a transparent and equitable manner and
through the Iraqi budget including to satisfy outstanding obligations
against the Development Fund for Iraq, that the arrangements for the
depositing of proceeds from export sales of petroleum, petroleum products,
and natural gas established in paragraph 20 of resolution 1483 (2003)
shall continue to apply, that the International Advisory and Monitoring
Board shall continue its activities in monitoring the Development Fund for
Iraq and shall include as an additional full voting member a duly
qualified individual designated by the Government of Iraq and that
appropriate arrangements shall be made for the continuation of deposits of
the proceeds referred to in paragraph 21 of resolution 1483 (2003);

25. Decides further that the provisions in the above paragraph for the
deposit of proceeds into the DFI and for the role of the IAMB shall be
reviewed at the request of the Transitional Government of Iraq or twelve
months from the date of this resolution, and shall expire upon the
completion of the political process set out in paragraph four above;

26. Decides that, in connection with the dissolution of the Coalition
Provisional Authority, the Interim Government of Iraq and its successors
shall assume the rights, responsibilities and obligations relating to the
Oil-for-Food Program that were transferred to the Authority, including all
operational responsibility for the Program and any obligations undertaken
by the Authority in connection with such responsibility, and
responsibility for ensuring independently authenticated confirmation that
goods have been delivered, and further decides that, following a 120-day
transition period from the date of adoption of this resolution, the
Interim Government of Iraq and its successors shall assume responsibility
for certifying delivery of goods under previously prioritized contracts,
and that such certification shall be deemed to constitute the independent
authentication required for the release of funds associated with such
contracts, consulting as appropriate to ensure the smooth implementation
of these arrangements;

27. Further decides that the provisions of paragraph 22 of resolution 1483
(2003) shall continue to apply, except that the privileges and immunities
provided in that paragraph shall not apply with respect to any final
judgment arising out of a contractual obligation entered into by Iraq
after 30 June 2004;

28. Welcomes the commitments of many creditors, including those of the
Paris Club, to identify ways to reduce substantially Iraq's sovereign
debt, calls on Member States, as well as internationa1 and regional
organizations, to support the Iraq reconstruction effort, urges the
international financial institutions and bilateral donors to take the
immediate steps necessary to provide their full range of loans and other
financial assistance and arrangements to Iraq, recognizes that the Interim
Government of Iraq will have the authority to conclude and implement such
agreements and other arrangements as may be necessary in this regard, and
requests creditors, institutions and donors to work as a priority on these
matters with the Interim Government of Iraq and its successors;

29. Recalls the continuing obligations of Member States to freeze and
transfer certain funds, assets, and economic resources to the Development
Fund for Iraq in accordance with paragraphs 19 and 23 of resolution 1483
(2003) and with resolution 1518 (2003) of 24 November 2003;

30. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Council within three
months from the date of this resolution on UNAMI operations in Iraq, and
on a quarterly basis thereafter on the progress made towards national
elections and fulfillment of all UNAMI's responsibilities;

31. Requests that the United States, on behalf of the multinational force,
report to the Council within three months from the date of this resolution
on the efforts and progress of this force, and on a quarterly basis
thereafter;

32. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.




------------
Daniel O'Huiginn
do227@cam.ac.uk
07745 192426
01223 704075
M13, Queens College
------------




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Message: 2
Date: Sat, 02 Jan 1904 13:00:13 +0000
Subject: Allawi Alleged Behind 90's Baghdad Bombings
From: "farbuthnot" <asceptic@DELETETHISfreenetname.co.uk>
To: newsclippings@casi.org.uk


[ Presenting plain-text part of multi-format email ]

Printer Friendly Version  E-Mail This Article  =A0
=A0Published on Wednesday, June 9, 2004 by the New York Times
Ex-C.I.A. Aides Say Iraq Leader Helped Agency in 90's Attacks
by Joel Brinkley
=A0
WASHINGTON, June 8 =8B Iyad Allawi, now the designated prime minister of Ir=
aq,
ran an exile organization intent on deposing Saddam Hussein that sent agent=
s
into Baghdad in the early 1990's to plant bombs and sabotage government
facilities under the direction of the C.I.A., several former intelligence
officials say.

Dr. Allawi's group, the Iraqi National Accord, used car bombs and other
explosive devices... Ex-CIA officer Robert Baer, recalled that a bombing
during that period "blew up a school bus; schoolchildren were killed."
Dr. Allawi's group, the Iraqi National Accord, used car bombs and other
explosive devices smuggled into Baghdad from northern Iraq, the officials
said. Evaluations of the effectiveness of the bombing campaign varied,
although the former officials interviewed agreed that it never threatened
Saddam Hussein's rule.
No public records of the bombing campaign exist, and the former officials
said their recollections were in many cases sketchy, and in some cases
contradictory. They could not even recall exactly when it occurred, though
the interviews made it clear it was between 1992 and 1995.
The Iraqi government at the time claimed that the bombs, including one it
said exploded in a movie theater, resulted in many civilian casualties. But
whether the bombings actually killed any civilians could not be confirmed
because, as a former C.I.A. official said, the United States had no
significant intelligence sources in Iraq then.
One former Central Intelligence Agency officer who was based in the region,
Robert Baer, recalled that a bombing during that period "blew up a school
bus; schoolchildren were killed." Mr. Baer, a critic of the Iraq war, said
he did not recall which resistance group might have set off that bomb.
Other former intelligence officials said Dr. Allawi's organization was the
only resistance group involved in bombings and sabotage at that time.
But one former senior intelligence official recalled that "bombs were going
off to no great effect."
"I don't recall very much killing of anyone," the official said.
When Dr. Allawi was picked as interim prime minister last week, he said his
first priority would be to improve the security situation by stopping
bombings and other insurgent attacks in Iraq =8B an idea several former
officials familiar with his past said they found "ironic."
"Send a thief to catch a thief," said Kenneth Pollack, who was an Iran-Iraq
military analyst for the C.I.A. during the early 1990's and recalled the
sabotage campaign.
Dr. Allawi declined to respond to repeated requests for comment, made Monda=
y
and Tuesday through his Washington representative, Patrick N. Theros. The
former intelligence officials, while confirming C.I.A. involvement in the
bombing campaign, would not say how, exactly, the agency had supported it.
An American intelligence officer who worked with Dr. Allawi in the early
1990's noted that "no one had any problem with sabotage in Baghdad back
then," adding, "I don't think anyone could have known how things would turn
out today."
Dr. Allawi was a favorite of the C.I.A. and other government agencies 10
years ago, largely because he served as a counterpoint to Ahmad Chalabi, a
more prominent exile leader.
He "was highly regarded by those involved in Iraqi operations," Samuel R.
Berger, who was national security adviser in the Clinton administration,
said in an interview. "Unlike Chalabi, he was someone who was trusted by th=
e
regional governments. He was less flamboyant, less promotional."
The C.I.A. recruited Dr. Allawi in 1992, former intelligence officials said=
.
At that time, the former senior intelligence official said, "what we were
doing was dealing with anyone" in the Iraqi opposition "we could get our
hands on." Mr. Chalabi began working with the agency in 1991, and the idea,
the official added, was to "decrease the proportion of Chalabi's role in
what we were doing by finding others to work with."
In 1991, Dr. Allawi was associated with a former Iraqi official, Salih Omar
Ali al-Tikriti, whom the United States viewed as unsavory. He and Dr. Allaw=
i
founded the Iraqi National Accord in 1990. Both were former supporters of
the Iraqi government.
Some intelligence officials have also suggested that Dr. Allawi, while he
was still a member of the ruling Baath Party in the early 1970's, may have
spied on Iraqi students studying in London. Mr. Tikriti was said to have
supervised public hangings in Baghdad. The former officials said the C.I.A.
would not work with Dr. Allawi until he severed his relationship with Mr.
Tikriti, which he did in 1992.
Several intelligence officials said the agency's broad goal immediately
after the Persian Gulf war in 1991 was to recruit opposition leaders who ha=
d
senior contacts inside Iraq, something Dr. Allawi claimed. The Iraqi
National Accord was made up of former senior Iraqi military and political
leaders who had fled the country and were said to retain connections to
colleagues inside the government.
"Iyad had contact with people the agency thought would be useful to us in
the future," Mr. Pollack said. "He seemed to have ties to respected Sunni
figures that no one else had." The Hussein government was dominated by Sunn=
i
Muslims.
The bombing and sabotage campaign, the former senior intelligence official
said, "was a test more than anything else, to demonstrate capability."
Another former intelligence officer who was involved in Iraqi affairs
recalled that the bombings "were an option we considered and used." Dr.
Allawi's group was used, he added, "because Chalabi never had any sort of
internal organization that could carry it out," adding, "We would never hav=
e
asked him to carry out sabotage."
The varied assessments of the bombing campaign's effectiveness are
understandable, the former senior intelligence official said, because "I
would not attribute to the U.S. sufficient intelligence resources then so
that we could perceive if an effective bombing campaign was under way."
Dr. Allawi is not believed to have ever spoken in public about the bombing
campaign. But one Iraqi National Accord officer did. In 1996, Amneh
al-Khadami, who described himself as the chief bomb maker for the Iraqi
National Accord and as being based in Sulaimaniya, in northern Iraq,
recorded a videotape in which he talked of the bombing campaign and
complained that he was being shortchanged money and supplies. Two former
intelligence officers confirmed the existence of the videotape.
Mr. Khadami said that "we blew up a car, and we were supposed to get $2,000=
"
but got only $1,000, according to an account in the British newspaper The
Independent in 1997. The newspaper had obtained a copy of the tape.
Mr. Khadami, it added, also said he worried that the C.I.A. might view him
as "too much the terrorist."
=A9 Copyright 2004 The New York Times Company
###





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