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Re: [casi] Background: Iraq-Return of Death Penalty Urged



Background doc:

CPA Iraqi Penal Code

Best

Andreas

-------------------------

http://www.aina.org/books/cpapenalcode.htm

COALITION PROVISIONAL AUTHORITY ORDER NUMBER 7
PENAL CODE

Pursuant to my authority as head of the Coalition Provisional Authority
(CPA), relevant U.N. Security Council resolutions, including Resolution 1483
(2003), and the laws and usages of war, Reconfiguring the provisions of
General Franks' Freedom Message to the Iraqi People oŁ April 16, 2003,
Recognizing that the. former regime. used certain provisions of the penal
code as a tool of repression in violation of internationally recognized
human rights standards, Acting on behalf of, and for the benefit, of the
Iraqi people, I hereby promulgate the following:


Section 1: Judges, police and prosecutors

All judges, police and prosecutors shall perform their duties in accordance
with Regulation No. l (CPA/REG/23 May 2003/01 and in accordance with any
other Regulations, Orders, Memoranda or instructions issued by the CPA.


Section 2: Suspension of Certain Provisions of Penal Code

1) Without prejudice to the continuing review of Iraqi laws, the Third
Edition of the 1969 Iraqi Penal Code with amendments, registered in Baghdad
on the fifth day of Jumada 11389 or the nineteenth day Of July 1969, shall
apply, with the exception that i) Part Two, Chapter Two, Paragraph 200, and
ii) Part Two, Chapter Three, Section One, Paragraph 225 are hereby
suspended.


2) Legal proceedings may be brought with respect to the following offenses
only vvith the written permission of the Administrator of the CPA:

a) Part One, Chapter Four; Para graphs 81-84, publication offenses:
b) Part Two, Chapter One, Paragraphs 156-189, offenses against the external
security of the state.
c) Part Two, Chapter Two., Paragraphs 190-195; 198-199; 201-219, offenses
against the internal security of the state.
d) Part Two, Chapter Three, Section One, Paragraphs 223-224-,226-228,
offenses against public authorities.
e) Part Two, Chapter Three, Section Two, Paragraph 229, offense of insulting
a public official.


Section 3: Penalties

1) Capital punishment is suspended. In each case where the death penalty is
the only available penalty prescribed For an offense, the court may
substitute the lesser penalty of life imprisonment., or such other lesser
penalty as, provided for in the Penal Code.


2) Torture and cruel, degrading or inhuman treatment or punishment is
prohibited.


3) No person will be prosecuted for aiding, assisting, associating with, or
working for Coalition Forces or the CPA.


Section 4: Nondiscrimination

In exercising their official functions, all persons undertaking public
duties or holding public oil-ice, including all police, prosecutors, and
judges, must apply the law impartially No person will be discriminated
against on the basis of sex, race, color, language, religion, political
opinion, national, ethnic or social origin or birth.


Section 5: Delegation of Authority

The Administrator of the CPA may delegate his authority under this Order.


Section 6: Entry into Force

This Order shall enter into force on the date of signature


L. Paul Bremer, Administrator

Coalition Provisional Authority

Signed June 10th, 2003




COALITION PROVINCIAL AUTHORITY ORDER NUMBER 13 (REVISED)
THE CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT OF IRAQ

Pursuant to my authority as head of the Coalition Provisional Authority
(CPA) and the laws and usages of war, and consistent with relevant U.N.
Security Council resolutions, including Resolution 1483 (2003), Committed to
promoting the development of a judicial system in Iraq that warrants the
trust, respect and confidence of the Iraqi people, Noting the continuing
need for military support to maintain public order, Furthering the CPA's
duty to restore and maintain order and its right to ensure its security and
fundamental standards of due process, Recognizing the role that Iraqi
jurists and legal systems must assume in addressing those serious crimes
that most directly threaten public order and safety, Acting on behalf, and
for the benefit of the Iraqi people, I hereby promulgate the following:


Section 1: Establishment of Central Criminal Court of Iraq

1) There shall be established a Central Criminal Court of Iraq (hereinafter
',the Central Court"), which shall sit in the city of Baghdad and in such
circuit sessions in other locations in Iraq as provided for in this Order.
The Central Court shall have national jurisdiction over matters referred to
it in accordance with Section 20.


2) The Central Court shall consist of two chambers:

a) an Investigative Court; and
b) a Trial Court.


Section 2: The Investigative Court

1 The Investigative Court shall consist of a single judge, and will operate
in accordance with the requirements and procedure of Investigative Courts
under the Iraqi Law on Criminal Proceedings of 1971, as amended, and as
further modified by any CPA Orders, Implementing Memoranda and this Order.


2) The Investigative Court shall have jurisdiction over all criminal
offenses assigned to it by the Administrator.


3) The Investigative Court shall not have jurisdiction over any civil
matter, other than victim compensation claims associated with a criminal
matter before the court, or any matter not assigned to it by the
Administrator.


Section 3: Trial Court

1) The Trial Court shall be constituted as a three member judicial panel,
which will operate in accordance with the requirements and procedures of
Felony Trial Courts under the Iraqi Law on Criminal Proceedings of 1971, as
amended, and as further modified by any CPA Orders, Implementing Memoranda
and this Order.


2) The Trial Court shall have jurisdiction only over matters referred to it
by the Investigative Court of the Central Court.


Section 4: Applicable Law

In exercising its jurisdiction, the Central Court shall apply the 1969 Penal
Code of Iraq, as modified by CPA Order No 7 (CPA/ORD/9 June 2003/07) and the
1971 Criminal Proceedings Code of Iraq as modified by CPA Implementing
Memorandum No 3 (CPA/MEM/18 Jun 2003/03). The Central Court shall have
jurisdiction over crimes committed in Iraq since 19 March 2003, such as are
referred to it by the Administrator in accordance with Section 20.


Section 5: Judges of the Central Court

1 The judges of the Central Court shall be appointed for a term of one year
by the Administrator, following recommendations from the Judicial Review
Committee. The term of appointment may be extended by agreement. Judges
shall be appointed in accordance with the following criteria:

a) be an Iraqi national;
b) be of high moral character and reputation;
c) have a background of either opposition to the Ba'ath Party,
non-membership of the Ba'ath Party or membership that does not fall within
the leadership tiers described in CPA/ORD/16 May 2003/01 and entailed no
involvement in Ba'ath Party activity;
d) have no criminal record unless the record is a political or false charge
made by the Ba'ath Party regime;
e) have had no involvement in criminal activities;
f) have demonstrated a high level of legal competence; and
g) be prepared to sign an oath of office.


2) A judge of the Central Court may only be removed by the Administrator
where there is clear evidence of unlawful or unethical conduct, breaches of
the requirements of this Order, or incompetence on the part of the member.


3) The Administrator may appoint reserve judges of the Central Court in
accordance with the criteria set out in this section. Reserve judges may act
as judges of the Central Court when a panel member is for any reason unable
to perform his or her duties, or otherwise provide additional support as
necessary.


4) Judges of the Central Court shall not disclose any information or
personal data related to or obtained in the discharge of their functions,
except where authorized by the Administrator for public information or
research purposes.


Section 6: Independence of the Judiciary

1) Judges of the Central Court shall perform their duties independently and
impartially, and in accordance with applicable laws in Iraq and the oath or
solemn declaration given by them to the Administrator pursuant to this
Order.


2) Judges of the Central Court shall decide matters before them without
discrimination on the grounds of race, nationality, ethnicity or religion
and in accordance with their impartial assessment of the facts and their
understanding of the law, without improper influence, direct or indirect,
from any source.


3) Any hierarchical organization of the judges or any difference among
judges in grade or rank shall in no way interfere with the duty of the
judge, whether exercising jurisdiction individually or acting collectively
on a panel, to pronounce judgment in accordance with this Order.


4) While in office, judges and prosecutors of the Central Court shall be
barred from accepting political or any other public office, or from
accepting any employment, including for teaching law, participating in the
drafting of law, or carrying out legal research on a part-time basis, unless
for honorary unpaid purposes.


Section 7: Refusal of Justice

No judge of the Central Court may refuse to hear, try or decide a case that
is brought before the court in accordance with the relevant procedural
provisions.


Section 8: Disqualification of Judges

1) The Administrator may, at the request of a judge or a party to a
proceeding, excuse that judge from the exercise of a function in any case in
which the impartiality of the judge might reasonably be doubted on any
ground.


2) A judge of the Central Court shall be disqualified from a case in
accordance with this Order if that judge has previously been involved in any
capacity in that case before the court.


3) A judge of the Central Court shall be obliged to request that the
Administrator excuse him or her from the exercise of a function in any case
in which a party to the proceedings is a spouse, relative of second degree
or other close relationship of that judge.


4) Any question as to the disqualification of a judge shall be decided by
the Administrator.


Section 9: Legal Cooperation

1) All Courts in Iraq shall cooperate with a request by the Central Court
to:

a) question witnesses who are registered or permanently accommodated in the
area of the requested court's jurisdiction;
b) carry out at-the-scene examinations or re-enactments of crimes in the
area of the requested court's jurisdiction;
c) serve summonses of the Central Court on witnesses in the requested
court's jurisdiction;
d) serve decisions of the Central Court on individuals in the requested
court's jurisdiction;
e) execute the decisions of the Central Court if the subject of dispute is
located in the requested court's jurisdiction;
f) access files of the requested court for information purposes or decision.


Section 10: Hearings

Hearings of the Central Court and deliberations, generally, shall take place
at the seat of the court in Baghdad and in such circuit locations in any
other part of Iraq as the Administrator determines.


2) The panel of judges or, here applicable, the individual judge may decide
to hold hearings of the court in places other than at the seat of the court
or circuit locations, if the interests of justice require. In making the
decision, the panel of judges or the individual judge shall be guided by the
particular circumstances of the case and their responsibility to facilitate
equal access to justice.


3) The hearings of the court, including the pronouncement of the decision,
shall be public, unless otherwise determined by the Secretary or by Iraqi
law.


4) Radio and television broadcasting within the courtroom is prohibited,
except for the broadcast of a final judgment in appropriate cases.


5) The hearings of the Central Court, including the pronouncement of the
decision, shall be public, unless otherwise determined by the judge or
judges in accordance with Iraqi law or due to security considerations.


6) The deliberations of a judge or judges shall remain confidential.


Section 11: Transcript of Proceedings

The Secretary shall ensure that, in each hearing conducted by the Trial
Court, a transcript of the proceedings. The transcript will be made
available, on request, to all parties to the proceedings, including their
legal counsel.


2) In the case of the Investigative Court the judge shall take, as
appropriate, notes of the proceedings and submit them to the files.


3) Upon request, the transcript or notes shall be made available to the
public, unless a determination has been made under this Order that the
hearing shall not be public.


Section 12: Translation Service

The Central Court shall provide translation and interpretation services in
every case where a party to the proceedings, or a judge, or a witness, or
expert witness does not sufficiently speak or understand the language spoken
in that court.


Section 13: Penalties

The penalties imposed by the Central Court shall be as prescribed for their
equivalent courts under Iraqi law, as modified by CPA/ORD/9 June 2003/07or
subsequent CPA Implementing Memoranda or Orders.


Section 14: Prosecution Service

1) The Public Prosecutor's Office shall have the authority to recommend
proposed charges to the Investigative Judge, in matters that are to be
brought before the Central Court.


2) The Public Prosecutor's office shall be represented at every stage of
proceedings before any of the chambers of the Central Court and will appear
as a full servant of the court to present witnesses, examine or cross
examine all witnesses and adduce admissible evidence.


3) There shall be three Prosecutors appointed by the Administrator to the
Central Court who shall serve for terms to be determined by the
Administrator. The Administrator shall have the authority to remove a
Prosecutor.


Section 15: Court Registry

There shall be a Registry for the Central Court. The Registry shall have
responsibility for the receipt of documents to be filed in the court, for
organizing court documents and ensuring security of court documents, and for
such other functions as are permitted by Iraqi law and by CPA Order or
Memorandum.


2) The staff of the Registry shall have legal and administrative skills, and
shall be appointed by the Ministry of Justice


Section 16: Court Staff

1) Each chamber of the Central Court shall have such qualified staff as may
be required for the proper functioning of the chambers and the discharge of
the responsibilities of its judges.


2) Each panel of judges or each individual judge shall be assisted during
the trial sessions by a member of the court staff.


3) The court staff shall be selected by the Ministry of Justice.


Section 17: Investigative Support

1) The Investigative Court or Prosecutor shall be able to request the
investigation of matters arising from material presented to the judge.
Investigative support will be coordinated through the Senior Adviser of the
Ministry of Justice.


2) The Prosecutor may draw on Iraqi and Coalition resources in order to meet
the requests of the Investigative Court. Any material produced by Coalition
resources will be admissible in evidence if it satisfies the requirements of
Iraqi law as modified by any CPA Order or Memorandum.


3) The Central Court shall not be able to compel the production of Coalition
documentary or other material or the attendance of Coalition personnel.


Section 18: Amicus Curiae

Any CPA or Coalition Forces personnel shall have the right to appear before
any of the chambers of the Central Court as am cus curiae for the purpose of
adducing or proving evidence.


Section 19: Duration of Central Court

The Central Court shall remain in operation for a period to be determined by
the Administrator or as provided by an internationally recognized,
representative government established by the people of Iraq which assumes
the responsibility of the CPA. The functions, constitution and jurisdiction
of the Central Court may be subject to adjustment by further Orders or
Implementing Memoranda of the CPA or as provided by an internationally
recognized, representative government established by the people of Iraq
which assumes the responsibility of the Authority


Section 20: Selection of Matters

1) The Administrator, on the advice of the CPA General Counsel, shall
determine the matters that are to be submitted to the Central Court. In
malting this determination the following criteria shall be applied:

a) The accused is suspected of committing a felony that:


i) is intended to destabilize government institutions or processes, in Iraq;
ii) involves violence of a scale or organization that transcends provincial
boundaries;
iii) involves race, nationality, interethnic c or religious based violence;
iv) is related to the instigation of the removal by force of any government,
the CPA or competent Iraqi authorities;
v) involves the illegal trafficking in weapons, drugs or persons across
provincial boundaries or international borders; or
vi) involves the use of fraudulent practices across provincial boundaries
and international borders.

b) The accused held a position of influence within the prior regime, and as
a result of that position, may still be capable of influencing the decisions
of the judiciary or other governmental institutions.
c) The accused is suspected of committing a crime of violence that involves
multiple victims.
d) The accused, either acting alone or as part of a group, is engaged in
criminal and or terrorist activities that are directed at the civilian
population or members of the CPA or Coalition Forces operating legally
within Iraq.
e) The accused is suspected of an offense that involves bribery,
solicitation of a bribe or any form of public corruption or misconduct.


2) Requests for referrals of cases to the Central Court shall be forwarded
by the Senior Adviser of the Ministry of Justice to the Administrator. The
Senior Adviser may file such requests on his own initiative or in response
to an application:

a) accused persons under Iraqi law;
b) any Iraqi court;
c) the Commander Coalition Forces; and
d) the Senior Adviser of the Ministry of Interior.


3) This Order shall not apply to courts-martial, military commissions,
provost courts and other military tribunals convened by member states of the
Coalition. Nothing in this Order shall deprive courts-martial, military
commissions, provost courts or other military tribunals of jurisdiction that
exists under the law of war or law of occupation. Coalition Forces shall not
be permitted to retry any person dealt with b the Central Court for
substantially the same offense.


4) No other Iraqi court shall be permitted to retry or punish any person
already convicted or acquitted by the Central Court for substantially the
same offense.


Section 21: Appeals

1) The accused, the plaintiff and the Prosecutor shall have the right of
appeal from the decisions of the Investigative Court to the Trial Court.


2) The accused, the plaintiff, and the Prosecutor shall have the right of
appeal from the decisions and judgments of the Trial Court to the Court of
Cassation.


3) All appeals arising from Central Court proceedings shall be heard in
accordance with the 1971 Criminal Proceedings Code of Iraq, as amended, and
as modified by CPA Implementing Memorandum No 3 referred to herein.


Section 22: Representation of the Accused

1) All accused persons appearing before the Central Court, shall have the
right to representation by an attorney of their choice. Where an accused
person is unable to afford the services of an attorney the Central Court
will provide them with a suitably qualified attorney.


2) Any counsel provided for the accused in accordance with relevant Orders
and Implementing Memoranda of the CPA shall have at least five years trial
experience.


Section 23: Entry into Force

This Order shall enter into force on the date of signature.


L . Paul Bremer, Administrator

Coalition Provisional Authority

July 11, 2003


COALITION PROVISIONAL AUTHORITY MEMORANDUM NUMBER 3
CRIMINAL PROCEDURES

Pursuant to my authority as Administrator of the Coalition Provisional
Authority (CPA) and the laws and usages of war, and consistent with relevant
U.N. Security Council resolutions, including Resolution 1483 (2003),
Recognizing the CPA's obligation to restore law and order, provide for the
safety of the people of Iraq, and ensure fundamental standards for persons
detained, Acting, in particular, consistent with the Fourth Geneva
Convention of 1949 Relative to the Treatment of Civilians in Time of War
(hereinafter "the Fourth Geneva Convention"), Noting the deficiencies of the
Iraqi Criminal Procedure Code with regard to fundamental standards of human
rights, I hereby promulgate the following:


Section 1: Purpose

1) This Memorandum implements CPA Order No. 7 by establishing procedures for
applying criminal law in Iraq, recognizing that the effective administration
of justice must consider:

a) the rehabilitation of the Iraqi investigative and trial capability;
b) the continuing involvement of Coalition forces in providing critical
support to many functional aspects of the administration of justice;
c) the need to transition from this dependency on military support;
d) the need to modify aspects of Iraqi law that violate fundamental
standards of human rights;
e) the ongoing process of security internee management as provided for by
the Fourth Geneva Convention; and
f) the possibility of the exercise of jurisdiction by Coalition authorities
regarding the commission of war crimes against Coalition forces.


2) The procedures set out in this Memorandum will be subject to review and
amendment as circumstances warrant, to continue to improve the rights of
Iraqis and the administration of justice in Iraq. The provisions set out
herein give effect to the requirements of international humanitarian law.


Section 2: Relation of Jurisdictions

1) The provisions of this Memorandum do not apply to, bind, or in any manner
affect any military courts, commissions or tribunals or any associated
process, established by the Coalition or any of its member States.


2) Nothing in this Memorandum shall deprive courts martial, military
commissions or military tribunals of their jurisdiction as provided for
under the laws of a Coalition member State or in accordance with the laws
and usages of war.


3) No Iraqi court, including the Central Criminal Court of Iraq as
established by CPA/ORD/18 Jun 2003/13, shall have jurisdiction over any
personnel of a Coalition member state in any matter, whether civil or
criminal.


Section 3: Preservation of Laws

All provisions of the Iraqi Law on Criminal Proceedings of 1971, as amended
(hereinafter "the Procedure Code"), shall continue in force unless expressly
modified by this Memorandum.


Section 4: Suspension and Amendment of Provisions

The following provisions of the Procedure Code shall be suspended and or
amended:

a) In paragraph 61 (c) delete the word "may" and insert the word "must".
b) In paragraph 70 delete the words "As far as possible".
c) In paragraph 123 add the following; "(b) Before questioning the accused
the examining magistrate must inform the accused that:


i) he or she has the right to remain silent and no adverse inference may be
drawn from accused's decision to exercise that right;
ii) he or she has the right to be represented by an attorney, and if he or
she is not able to afford representation, the Court will provide an attorney
at no expense to the accused;

(c) The examining magistrate or investigator must determine if the accused
desires to be represented by an attorney before questioning the accused. If
the accused desires an attorney the examining magistrate or investigator
shall not question the accused until he or she has retained an attorney or
an attorney has been appointed by the Court."
d) Paragraph 136 is hereby suspended.
e) In paragraph 144 (a) delete the words "at a rate of no less that 10
dinars and no more than 50 dinars, with the cost borne by the state
treasury.", and in 144 (b) delete the words "of no more than 50 dinars".
f) In paragraph 168 (b) delete the words "via the court".
g) in paragraph 179 delete the words "A refusal to answer will be considered
as evidence against the defendant."
h) In paragraph 184 (a) delete the word "must" and insert the word "may".
i) In paragraph 199 (a) delete the words "based on permission from the
Minister of Justice".
j) In paragraph 213 (c) delete the words "and if there is no other evidence
which proves it to be a lie."
k) In paragraph 218 delete everything in the paragraph after the word
"coercion" where occurring for the first time.
1) Paragraph 221 is hereby suspended.
m) Paragraphs 285-293 are hereby suspended;
n) In paragraph 298 delete the words "by one half of one dinar" wherever
occurring.
o) In paragraph 299 (b) delete the words "one day for each one half of one
dinar outstanding" and insert in place the words "reduced proportionally to
the amount outstanding".
p) Paragraph 306 is hereby suspended.
q) In paragraph 320 delete the words "and with the payment, within a
specified period, of surety of not less than 20 dinars and not more than 200
dinars.
r) In paragraph 324 delete.the words "of no less than 50 dinars and not
exceeding 500 dinars".
s) Paragraph 371 (b) is hereby suspended. Section 5 Advice of Rights At the
time an Iraqi law enforcement officer arrests any person, the officer shall
inform that person of his or her right to remain silent and to consult an
attorney.


Section 6: Criminal Detentions

1) Consistent with the Fourth Geneva Convention, the following standards
will apply to all persons who are detained by Coalition Forces solely in
relation to allegations of criminal acts and who are not security internees
(hereinafter "criminal detainees"):

a) Upon the initial induction into a Coalition Force detention centre a
criminal detainee shall be apprised of his rights to remain silent and to
consult an attorney.
b) A criminal detainee suspected of a felony offence may consult an attorney
72 hours after induction into a Coalition Force detention centre.
c) A criminal detainee shall be promptly informed, in writing, in a language
which they understand, of the particulars of the charges preferred against
them.
d) A criminal detainee shall be brought before a judicial officer as rapidly
as possible and in no instance later than 90 days from the date of induction
into a Coalition Force detention centre.
e) Access to detainees shall be granted to official delegates of the
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). Access will only be denied
delegates for reasons of imperative military necessity as an exceptional and
temporary measure. ICRC delegates shall be permitted to inspect health,
sanitation and living conditions and to interview all detainees in private.
They shall also be permitted to record information regarding a detainee and
to pass messages to and from the family of a detainee subject to reasonable
censorship by the facility authorities.


2) Where any criminal detainee held by Coalition Forces is subsequently
transferred to an Iraqi Court, a failure to comply with these procedures
shall not constitute grounds for any legal remedy, but any period spent in
detention awaiting trial or punishment shall be deducted from any period of
imprisonment imposed.


Section 7: Coalition Forces Security Internee Process

l) Consistent with the Fourth Geneva Convention, the following standards
will apply to all persons who are detained by Coalition Forces when
necessary for imperative reasons of security (hereinafter "security
internees"):

a) In accordance with Article 78 of the Fourth Geneva Convention, Coalition
Forces shall, with the least possible delay, afford persons held as security
internees the right of appeal against the decision to intern them.
b) The decision to intern a person shall be reviewed not later than ix
months from the date of induction into an internment facility by a competent
body established for the purpose by Coalition Forces.
c) The operation, condition and standards of any internment facility
established by Coalition Forces shall be in accordance with Section IV of
the Fourth Geneva Convention.
d) Access to internees shall be granted to official delegates of the ICRC.
Access will only be denied delegates for reasons of imperative military
necessity as an exceptional and temporary measure. ICRC delegates shall be
permitted to inspect health, sanitation and living conditions and to
interview all internees in private. They shall also be permitted to record
information regarding an internee and to pass messages to and from the
family of an internee subject to reasonable censorship by the facility
authorities.
e) If a person is subsequently determined to be a criminal detainee
following tribunal proceedings concerning his or her status, or following
the commission of a crime while in internment, the period that person has
spent in internment will not count with respect to the period set out in
Section 6 (1) (d) herein.
f) Where any security internee held by Coalition Forces is subsequently
transferred to an Iraqi Court, a failure to comply with these procedures
shall not constitute grounds for any legal remedy, but may be considered in
mitigation of sentence.


Section 8: Legal Consultation and Representation

1) With the exception of the circumstances set out in Section 6 (1) (b) all
criminal detainees suspected of a felony offense shall have the right to
consult with an attorney while in detention.


2) All accused persons appearing before any Iraqi court, including the
Central Criminal Court of Iraq, shall have the right to representation by an
attorney of their choice. Where an accused person is unable to afford the
services of an attorney the Court will provide them with a suitably
qualified attorney at no expense to the accused person.


Section 9: Entry into Force

This memorandum shall enter into force on the date of signature.

6/18/03

L. Paul Bremer



----- Original Message -----
From: "as-ilas" <as-ilas@gmx.de>
To: "casi" <casi-discuss@lists.casi.org.uk>
Sent: Sunday, November 16, 2003 9:56 AM
Subject: [casi] Iraq: Return of Death Penalty Urged


> http://www.iwpr.net/index.pl?archive/irq/irq_35_1_eng.txt
>
> Return of Death Penalty Urged
>
> Prominent Iraqis call for US-led coalition to restore sentence to deter
> violence and punish Ba'athist crimes.
>
> By Lama Al-Shummary in Baghdad (ICR No. 35, 14-Nov-03)
>
> Barely six months after US administrator Paul Bremer suspended the use of
> the death penalty in Iraq, some influential Iraqis are calling to have it
> reinstated.
>



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