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Text and summary of changes below. On Roger's question, I don't think the resolution was ever going to *force* any country to provide troops. What the US wanted was UN political acquiescence, allowing other countries, such as India, to provide troops without looking like US pawns. The language in the resolution doesn't imply compulsion; in typical UN style it just encourages: "URGES Member States to contribute assistance under this United Nations mandate, including military forces, to the multinational force" (OP 14) In terms of why countries voted in favour, I don't think anyone was seriously planning to veto the resolution. There have been some fairly substantial changes since the first draft. Also, if there is no doubt that a resolution is going to pass, then nobody wants to incur the wrath of the US for the sake of a futile gesture. But I know nothing about the behind-the-scenes deals; we'll have to rely on Nathaniel's expertise for that. Changes since the Monday draft were mostly minor, putting more emphasis on the limits of the CPA's authority. The 2 more significant alterations are: 1) para 6: "...requests the Authority, in co-operation as appropriate with the Governing Council and the secretary general, to report to the Council on the progress being made [towards transfer of power]" 2) para 15: mandate of multilateral force will expire when transfer of power is complete. Requests for further security forces will be considered at that point. **************** The text [from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3189270.stm] THE SECURITY COUNCIL, REAFFIRMING its previous resolutions on Iraq, including resolution 1483 (2003) of 22 May 2003 and 1500 (2003) of 14 August 2003, and on threats to peace and security caused by terrorist acts, including resolution 1373 (200 1) of 28 September 2001, and other relevant resolutions, UNDERSCORING that the sovereignty of Iraq resides in the State of Iraq, reaffirming the right of the Iraqi people freely to determine their own political future and control their own natural resources, REITERATING its resolve that the day when Iraqis govern themselves must come quickly, and RECOGNISING the importance of international support, particularly that of countries in the region, Iraq's neighbours, and regional organisations, in taking forward this process expeditiously, RECOGNISING that international support for restoration of conditions of stability and security is essential to the well-being of the people of Iraq as well as to the ability of all concerned to carry out their work on behalf of the people of Iraq, and welcoming Member State contributions in this regard under resolution 1483 (2003 ), WELCOMING the decision of the Governing Council of Iraq to form a preparatory constitutional committee to prepare for a constitutional conference that will draft a constitution to embody the aspirations of the Iraqi people, and URGING it to complete this process quickly, AFFIRMING that the terrorist bombings of the Embassy of Jordan on 7 August 2003, of the United Nations headquarters in Baghdad on 19 August 2003, and of the Imam Ali Mosque in Najaf on 29 August 2003, are attacks on the people of Iraq, the United Nations, and the international community, and DEPLORING the assassination of Dr Aqila al-Hashimi, who died on 25 September 2003, as an attack directed against the future of Iraq, In that context, recalling and REAFFIRMING the statement of its President of 20 August 2003 (S/PRST /2003/13) and resolution 1502 (2003) of 26 August 2003, DETERMINING that the situation in Iraq, although improved, continues to constitute a threat to international peace and security, ACTING UNDER CHAPTER VII OF THE CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS, 1. REAFFIRMS the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Iraq, and UNDERSCORES, in that context, the temporary nature of the exercise by the Coalition Provisional Authority (Authority) of the specific responsibilities, authorities, and obligations under applicable international law recognised and set forth in resolution 1483 (2003 ), which will cease when an internationally recognised, representative government established by the people of Iraq is sworn in and assumes the responsibilities of the Authority, inter alia through steps envisaged in paragraphs four through seven and 10 below; 2. WELCOMES the positive response of the international community, in for as such as the Arab League, the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, the United Nations General Assembly, and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, to the establishment of the broadly representative Governing Council as an important step towards an internationally recognised, representative government; 3. SUPPORTS the Governing Council's efforts to mobilise the people of Iraq, including by the appointment of a cabinet of ministers and a preparatory constitutional committee to lead a process in which the Iraqi people will progressively take control of their own affairs; 4. DETERMINES that the Governing Council and its ministers are the principal bodies of the Iraqi interim administration, which, without prejudice to its further evolution, embodies the sovereignty of the State of Iraq during the transitional period until an internationally recognised, representative government is established and assumes the responsibilities of the Authority; 5. AFFIRMS that the administration of Iraq will be progressively undertaken by the evolving structures of the Iraqi interim administration; 6. CALLS UPON the Authority, in this context, to return governing responsibilities and authorities to the people of Iraq as soon as practicable and requests the Authority, in co-operation as appropriate with the Governing Council and the secretary general, to report to the Council on the progress being made; 7. INVITES the Governing Council to provide to the Security Council, for its review, no later than 15 December 2003, in co-operation with the Authority and, as circumstances permit, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, a timetable and a programme for the drafting of a new constitution for Iraq and for the holding of democratic elections under that constitution; 8. RESOLVES that the United Nations, acting through the Secretary-General, his Special Representative and the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq, should strengthen its vital role in Iraq, including by providing humanitarian relief, promoting the economic reconstruction of and conditions for sustainable development in Iraq, and advancing efforts to restore and establish national and local institutions for representative government; 9. REQUESTS that, as circumstances permit, the Secretary-General pursue the course of action outlined in paragraphs 98 and 99 of the report of the Secretary-General of 17 July 2003 (S/2003/715); 10. TAKES NOTE of the intention of the Governing Council to hold a constitutional conference and, recognising that the convening of the conference will be a milestone in the movement to the full exercise of sovereignty, calls for its preparation through national dialogue and consensus-building as soon as practicable and requests the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, at the time of the convening of the conference, and as circumstances permit, to lend the unique expertise of the United Nations to the Iraqi people in this process of political transition, including the establishment of electoral processes; 11. REQUESTS the Secretary-General to ensure that the resources of the United Nations and associated organisations are available, if requested by the Iraqi Governing Council and, as circumstances permit, to assist in furtherance of the programme provided by the Governing Council in paragraph 7 above. and encourages other organisations with expertise in this area to support the Iraqi Governing Council, if requested; 12. REQUESTS the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council on his responsibilities under this resolution and the development and implementation of a timetable and programme under paragraph 7 above; 13. DETERMINES that the provision of security and stability is essential to the successful completion of the political process as outlined in paragraph 7 above and to the ability of the United Nations to contribute effectively to that process and the implementation of resolution 1483 (2003 ), and AUTHORISES a multinational force under unified command to take all necessary measures to contribute to the maintenance of security and stability in Iraq, including for the purpose of ensuring necessary conditions for the implementation of the timetable and programme as well as to contribute to the security of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq, the Governing Council of Iraq and other institutions of the Iraqi interim administration, and key humanitarian and economic infrastructure; 14, URGES Member States to contribute assistance under this United Nations mandate, including military forces, to the multinational force referred to in paragraph 13 above; 15. DECIDES that the Council shall review the requirements and mission of the multinational force referred to in paragraph 13 above not later than one year from the date of this resolution, and that in any case the mandate of the force shall expire upon the completion of the political process as described in paragraphs 4 through 7 and 10 above, and expresses readiness to consider on that occasion any future need for the continuation of the multinational force, taking into account the views of an internationally recognised, representative government of Iraq; 16, EMPHASISES the importance of establishing effective Iraqi police and security forces in maintaining law, order, and security and combating terrorism consistent with paragraph 4 of resolution 1483 (2003), and calls upon Member States and international and regional organisations to contribute to the training and equipping of Iraqi police and security forces; 17. EXPRESSES deep sympathy and condolences for the personal losses suffered by the Iraqi people and by the United Nations and the families of those United Nations personnel and other innocent victims who were killed or injured in these tragic attacks; 18. UNEQUIVOCALLY CONDEMNS the terrorist bombings of the Embassy of Jordan on 7 August 2003, of the United Nations headquarters in Baghdad on 19 August 2003, and of the Imam Ali Mosque in Najaf on 29 August 2003, and of the embassy of Turkey on 14 October 2003, the murder of a Spanish diplomat on 9 October 2003, and the assassination of Dr Aqila al-Hashimi, who died on 25 September 2003, and EMPHASISES that those responsible must be brought to justice; 19. CALLS UPON Member States to prevent the transit of terrorists to Iraq, arms for terrorists, and financing that would support terrorists, and emphasises the importance of strengthening the co-operation of the countries of the region, particularly neighbours of Iraq, in this regard; 20. APPEALS to Member States and the international financial institutions to strengthen their efforts to assist the people of Iraq in the reconstruction and development of their economy, and urges those institutions to take immediate steps to provide their full range of loans and other financial assistance to Iraq, working with the Governing Council and appropriate Iraqi ministries; 21. URGES Member States and international and regional organisations to support the Iraq reconstruction effort initiated at the 24 June 2003 United Nations Technical Consultations, including through substantial pledges at the 23-24 October 2003 International Donors Conference in Madrid; 22. CALLS UPON Member States and concerned organisations to help meet the needs of the Iraqi people by providing resources necessary for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of Iraq's economic infrastructure; 23. EMPHASISES that the International Advisory and Monitoring Board (IAMB) referred to in paragraph 12 of resolution 1483 (2003) should be established as a priority, and reiterates that the Development Fund for Iraq shall be used in a transparent manner as set out in paragraph 14 of resolution 1483 (2003); 24. REMINDS all Member States of their obligations under paragraphs 19 and 23 of resolution 1483 (2003) in particular the obligation to immediately cause the transfer of funds, other financial assets and economic resources to the Development Fund for Iraq for the benefit of the Iraqi people; 25. REQUESTS that the United States, on behalf of the multinational force as outlined in paragraph 13 above, report to the Security Council on the efforts and progress of this force as appropriate and not less than every six months; 26. DECIDES to remain seized of the matter. _______________________________________________ Sent via the discussion list of the Campaign Against Sanctions on Iraq. 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